Emanuel Shinwell, 1884 - 1986, was born in Spitalfields, London, but began work at the Scottish Wholesale Co-operative Society in 1909. By 1912, he had become chairman of the Glasgow Trades Council, a position that he held again from 1916 to 1919. His involvement with the 40 hours strike committee in 1919 led to his imprisonment for 5 months.

Shinwell entered politics in 1922, becoming the Labour MP for Linlithgow, and rising to become Parliamentary Secretary for the Department of Mines in 1924, Financial Secretary for the War Office, 1929 - 1930,and Parliamentary Secretary for the Department of Mines, 1930 - 1931.In 1935, he defeated J Ramsey Macdonald in the election for Seaham.

Lord Shinwell declined to serve in Churchill's wartime government, preferring to remain an independent backbencher, active in broadcasting and opposing ship production policy. During this time he was chairman of the Central Committee for Reconstruction. He joined the post-war Labour government as Minister of Fuel and Power, and was given the task of nationalizing the mines. The difficulties and failures of this taskled to his demotion from the cabinet and transfer to Defence as Secretary of State for War, 1947 - 1950. He returned to the cabinet as Minister of Defence, 1950 - 1951, and maintained an interest in defence issues for the rest of his career. He was also chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party 1964 - 1967.

[See archives, British Library of Political and Economic Science]